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甲乙型流感抗原试剂盒日本富士进口品牌流感检测试剂盒

日本富士流感A+B试剂盒流感病毒A+B检测试剂盒

流感病毒呈球形，新分离的毒株则多呈丝状，其直径在80至120纳米之间，丝状流感病毒的长度可达4000纳米。
流感病毒结构自外而内可分为包膜、基质蛋白以及核心三部分。

核心
病毒的核心包含了存贮病毒信息的遗传物质以及复制这些信息必须的酶。流感病毒的遗传物质是单股负链RNA，简写为ss-RNA，ss-RNA与核蛋白 (NP)相结合，缠绕成核糖核蛋白体(RNP)，以密度*的形式存在。除了核糖核蛋白体，还有负责RNA转录的RNA多聚酶。
甲型和乙型流感病毒的RNA由8个节段组成，丙型流感病毒则比他们少一个节段，第1、2、3个节段编码的是RNA多聚集酶，第4个节段负责编码血凝素；第5个节段负责编码核蛋白，第6个节段编码的是神经氨酸酶；第7个节段编码基质蛋白，第8个节段编码的是一种能起到拼接RNA功能的非结构蛋白，这种蛋白的其他功能尚不得而知。
丙型流感病毒缺少的是第六个节段，其第四节段编码的血凝素可以同时行使神经氨酸酶的功能。

基质蛋白
基质蛋白构成了病毒的外壳骨架，实际上骨架中除了基质蛋白 (M1)之外还有膜蛋白 (M2)。M2蛋白具有离子（主要是Na+）通道和调节膜内PH值的作用，但数量很少。基质蛋白与病毒zui外层的包膜紧密结合起到保护病毒核心和维系病毒空间结构的作用。
当流感病毒在宿主细胞内完成其繁殖之后，基质蛋白是分布在宿主细胞细胞膜内壁上的，成型的病毒核心衣壳能够识别宿主细胞膜上含有基质蛋白的部位，与之结合形成病毒结构，并以出芽的形式突出释放成熟病毒。

包膜
包膜是包裹在基质蛋白之外的一层磷脂双分子层膜，这层膜来源于宿主的细胞膜，成熟的流感病毒从宿主细胞出芽，将宿主的细胞膜包裹在自己身上之后脱离细胞，去感染下一个目标。
包膜中除了磷脂分子之外，还有两种非常重要的糖蛋白：血凝素和神经氨酸酶。这两类蛋白突出病毒体外，长度约为10至40纳米，被称作刺突。一般一个流感病毒表面会分布有500个血凝素刺突和100个神经氨酸酶刺突。在甲型流感病毒中血凝素和神经氨酸酶的抗原性会发生变化，这是区分病毒毒株亚型的依据。

血凝素(HA)
呈柱状，能与人、鸟、猪豚鼠等动物红细胞表面的受体相结合引起凝血，故而被称作血凝素。血凝素蛋白水解后分为轻链和重链两部分，后者可以与宿主细胞膜上的唾液酸受体相结合，前者则可以协助病毒包膜与宿主细胞膜相互融合。血凝素在病毒导入宿主细胞的过程中扮演了重要角色。血凝素具有免疫原性，抗血凝素抗体可以中和流感病毒。

神经氨酸酶(NA)
是一个呈蘑菇状的四聚体糖蛋白，具有水解唾液酸的活性，当成熟的流感病毒经出芽的方式脱离宿主细胞之后，病毒表面的血凝素会经由唾液酸受体与宿主细胞膜保持，需要由神经氨酸酶将唾液酸水解，切断病毒与宿主细胞的zui后,使病毒能顺利从宿主细胞中释放，继而感染下一个宿主细胞。因此神经氨酸酶也成为流感治疗药物的一个作用靶点，针对此酶设计的奥司他韦是zui*的抗流感药物之一。

日本富士流感A+B试剂盒流感病毒A+B检测试剂盒

The influenza virus is spherical, the new strains are mostly filamentous, the diameter of 80 to 120 nm, the length of the filamentous influenza virus up to 4000 nm.
Influenza virus structure from outside to inside can be divided into capsule, matrix protein and core three parts.

core
The core of the virus contains the genetic material that stores the virus information and the enzymes that replicate the information. The genetic material of the influenza virus is a single strand of negative RNA, abbreviated as ss-RNA, ss-RNA and nuclear protein (NP), wound into ribonucleoprotein (RNP), in the form of high density. In addition to ribonucleoprotein, there are RNA polymerases that are responsible for RNA transcription.
Alpha and influenza B viruses are composed of 8 segments, the influenza A virus is less than one segment, the first 1,2,3 segments of the RNA polyolase, the fourth segment Responsible for coding hemagglutinin; the fifth segment is responsible for encoding the nucleoprotein, the sixth segment is encoded by the neuraminidase; the seventh segment encodes the matrix protein, the eighth segment encodes a To the non-structural protein that splits RNA function, the other function of this protein is still unknown.
The influenza C virus lacks the sixth segment, and the fourth segment of the hemagglutinin can simultaneously function as a neuraminidase.

Matrix protein
The matrix protein forms the skeleton of the virus, and in fact the membrane protein (M2) is in addition to the matrix protein (M1). The M2 protein has an ion (mainly Na +) channel and regulates the pH of the membrane, but the number is small. The combination of matrix proteins and the outermost envelope of the virus plays a role in protecting the viral core and maintaining the spatial structure of the virus.
When the influenza virus is completed in the host cell after its breeding, the matrix protein is distributed in the host cell cell wall, the formation of the virus core capsid can identify the host cell membrane containing the matrix protein site, combined with the formation of viral structure, and to The budding form highlights the release of mature viruses.

Capsule
The envelope is a layer of phospholipid bilayer deposited outside the matrix protein, which is derived from the cell membrane of the host, the mature influenza virus is sprouted from the host cell, the cell membrane of the host is wrapped in the body, The next target.
In addition to phospholipid molecules in the capsule, there are two very important glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. These two types of protein highlight the virus in vitro, the length of about 10 to 40 nm, is called the spike. Generally an influenza virus surface will be distributed with 500 hemagglutinin spurs and 100 neuraminidase spikes. In the influenza A virus, the antigenicity of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase will change, which is the basis for distinguishing the virus strain subtype.

Hemagglutinin (HA)
Columnar, with people, birds, pigs and guinea pigs and other animal red blood cell surface of the receptor caused by coagulation, it is called hemagglutinin. Hemagglutinin Hydrolysis is divided into light and heavy chain two parts, which can be combined with the sialic acid receptor on the host cell membrane, the former can help the virus envelope and the host cell membrane fusion. Hemagglutinin plays an important role in the introduction of the virus into the host cell. Hemagglutinin is immunogenic and anti-hemagglutinin antibodies neutralize influenza viruses.

Neuraminidase (NA)
Is a mushroom-like tetrameric glycoprotein that has the activity of hydrolyzing sialic acid. When the mature influenza virus is isolated from the host cell by budding, the hemagglutinin on the viral surface is linked to the host cell membrane via the sialic acid receptor , The need for neuraminidase to sialic acid hydrolysis, cut off the virus and the host cell of the last contact, so that the virus can be successfully released from the host cells, and then infected the next host cells. Therefore, neuraminidase has also become a target for the treatment of influenza drugs, for the enzyme design of oseltamivir is one of the most famous anti-influenza drugs.

日本富士流感A+B试剂盒流感病毒A+B检测试剂盒

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